Personal Narrative The Abyss - 2197 Words

The Abyss It was raining when I finally awoke. The rain was the one bit of peace that came with the silence. The rain cleared my head and allowed me to write. Yes I write. It might sound stupid or corny, a 16 year old man who writes poems and songs. You’re probably thinking I don’t have many friends, well you would be almost right. I have none. It’s not that I get bullied, I just don’t like people. â€Å"Marcus!† my father yelled for me. That would be the end of my silence. â€Å"Marcus, get your ass down here before I have to come up there and bring you down!† His words were slurred. He must’ve been drunk, nothing new. My father had been drinking for some time now, it began around the same time my mom was using meth. As I walked down†¦show more content†¦The rain was a friend who did not need words. The rain did not need to impress me, for its beauty amazed. The rain was the only part of my life that made sense. As I walked I wrote in my notebook. I had always left the first few pages blank, but I wanted to fill them. ‘If you’re reading this, I made up my mind.’ I didn’t know exactly what I needed to make up, but the words felt right. The rain has yet to fail me, like so many people have. It was me, my thoughts and the rain. My thoughts were discomforting without the rain to guide them. I had barely reached the main doors to school when the bell rang. I entered my class ten minutes later, nobody even noticed me. It was like I didn’t exist, not that I really cared. In fact I’m glad they left me alone, it was back to me and my thoughts. Always. Me and my thoughts. The more I sat and wrote, or began thinking, the more I realized how alone I was. If I wanted a friend I could have one, it’s just I don’t like people. It seems odd that there’s not one person I like. While I was having these contradictory thoughts, the teacher carried on about pyramids. â€Å"Marcus, can you tell me when they were constructed?† I wasn’t paying attention â€Å"Marcus? Marcus?† She was trying hard to get me to answer. Another student tapped me on the shoulder, â€Å"Hey† he spoke softly. I jumped. Not a little flinch when you’re startled. No, this was a full on jump out of my seat. There was scattered laughter, but it was brief. Instead ofShow MoreRelatedThe Heros Journey in Modern Film Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesCountless quest narratives – ranging from modern texts all the way back to ancient texts – have all conformed to a certain archetypal structure. Christopher Vogler writes: All stories consist of a few common structural elements found universally in myths, fairy tales, dreams, and movies. They are known collectively as The Hero’s Journey. Understanding these elements and their use in modern writing is the object of our quest. Used wisely, these ancient tools of the storytellers craft still have tremendousRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Carte Blanche Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesAn autobiography is by definition a personal account of the events that happened in a person’s life. How the writer records these events are subjective? giving the author ‘carte blanche’ to enhance reality, interweave creativity and imagination to produce a more interesting, readable and compelling story. These are all elements I considered when drafting ‘Time to let go.’ This narrative is not a direct recollection of my personal experience. But, interprets a devastating chain of events that happenedRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Edwards s The Hands Of An Angry God 1351 Words   |  6 PagesGod’s wrath than even those within the furnace of Satan; those who stand by the carnal principles of man stand as the Devil’s property. What, then, of Edwards- a man who had previously believed in God as Being, and Being as space? Within his Personal Narrative, Edwards expresses many religious experiences as being greater than he â€Å"ever had before,† each giving him a more earnest urge to be one with the sweetness that Christianity offered. He asserts a love of the gospel, stating that it has been toRead MoreA Night At The Pink Poodle1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of a journey narrative as both an archetypal plot device, and a technique that facilitates and informs character development, is an enduring literary trope, likely as old as literature itself. The mere fact that journey narratives have persisted in literature, without inherently being regarded as overused, outdated, or clichà ©d, is indicative of the impact and influence this technique has when executed effectively. Additionally, this is testament to its adaptability, and capacity to complementRead MoreAnalyzing Graham Greene‚Äà ´s ‚Äà ºThe End of the Party‚Äà ¹1098 Words   |  5 Pagesdeliver a reve lation of things to come for the two. There is also a central theme of the anxiety of being in the dark that encompasses the younger brother throughout the tale. The scenes are very descriptive in establishing the setting, providing personal dialogue between characters, and developing the personalities of the two boys over the course of the story. From the opening, the author is very graphic on how he sets the scene where the older brother views the bedroom as he wakes up to the soundRead MoreThe Rings of Saturn by W.G. Sebald1335 Words   |  5 PagesW.G. Sebald’s novel The Rings of Saturn explores the relationship between toleration and persecution through a first person narrative. The novel is preoccupied with loss and the ways we have tried to come to terms with mortality. It is a meditation on the destructive nature of history, the human lives affected, and the restorative power of art. However, his work is not simply a record of these human-induced catastrophes, but also attempts to fashion new representational tools for the purpose of acknowledgingRead MoreRalph Ellison Racism1601 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal experience is strong evidence in arguments, but perspectives may be distorted or narrowed due to bias. Ralph Ellison narrates the portions of his earliest days in the semi-autobiography â€Å"On Being the Target of Discrimination†, where he recalls the effects of racism had on his life as an African American child in a Post-Reconstruction Era environment. A narrative story written in second-person, his arguments are primarily supported by anecdotal examples rather than statistics and other hardRead MoreEssay on A Journey into Darkness in Heart of Darkness1439 Words   |  6 PagesA Journey into Darkness in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrad, in his story, Heart of Darkness, tells the tale of two mens realization of the dark and evil side of themselves. Marlow, the second narrator of the framed narrative, embarked upon a spiritual adventure on which he witnessed firsthand the wicked potential in everyone.   On his journey into the dark, forbidden Congo, Marlow encountered Kurtz, a remarkable man and universal genius, who had madeRead MoreProgression of Time and Community in the Works of Johnson and Lampman1529 Words   |  7 Pagesmanifests through the downfall of greater human society in favour of a more robotic era. This essay focuses on how these two texts exemplify the variable nature of the future by focusing on the harmful possibilities that may befall society within their narratives. Each of these texts contain a regressive transformation for their communities. These texts draw a direct connection between their narrations past communities and their present tenses. Within Pauline Johnsons story, â€Å"The Lost Island†, the mainRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Watchmen And Jimmy Corrig The Smartest Kid On Earth1669 Words   |  7 Pagesstanding outside the world as an emotionally detached observer and realizing that what they see taking place does not really have any meaning. The text is wrought with nihilism, cynicism, and multiple characters who are affected by the power of the abyss. The Comedian s big joke is that there is no point to anything, and he does not really care. It is not a particularly funny ‘joke’, but it ultimately speaks to the motif of nihilism within the comic. This sensation of nihilism is aligned with the

Gender Portrayal Of The Media - 813 Words

Gender Portrayal in Media Media; â€Å"The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet) regarded collectively† Oxford dictionary. In recent years a rising issue of media gender portrayal has been massively looked at from a sociological perspective. Everything and every picture has been depicted in this primarily visual age. There’s a giant number of visual information going through our conscious and subconscious daily at a fast pace. A lot of different point of views and perspectives is arguing whether we are living in a manipulative world where media is sending specific messages to stereotype gender to the youth or this is just a reflection of the socializing process the society wants to have. Of course†¦show more content†¦The last one creates a state of domination by focusing on the elites and the dominant ideologies, subsequently neglecting the subordinate groups (Durham, Kellner 2006: XV)† Malgorzata Wolska. While from other perspectives It’s essential to keep the society functioning. From the view of the Functionalist perspective, There are Three main point of views. One is that Mass media creates specific culture, thus it serves a purpose for society. Second is that gender portrayal in Media â€Å"create a division of labor, or as a social system in which a particular segment of the population is clearly responsible for certain acts of labor and another segment is clearly responsible for other labor acts†www.boundless.com. Some see it completely acceptable from the functionalist perspective to emphasize gender roles as long as it doesn’t force one to be somebody they aren’t. Which is what Anti-Media stereotypes activists say that this preusser is happening on both genders. Because a lot of children are being exposed to such mass media since early age. Third, advertising in mass media keeps the economy healthy. Without efficient advertising, the economy would drop. This links directly to the Conflict theory which proposes that big and wealthy individuals who are in charge of these corporations are benefiting from the profit they are making through these Ads, television programmes, magazines, popular music, film, and video games. Thus they maintain their levelShow MoreRelatedMedia Portrayal Of Gender Stereotypes1268 Words   |  6 Pages Gender stereotyping is usually used in media to improve character traits and create humorous circumstances. When stereotypes are present in popular television shows, audience assume those messages of gender, making it difficult to counter stereotypical behavior. This paper emphasis on gender roles in popular media and it’s important for analysts and educators to identify stereotypical interpretations. Using feminist theory, media depictions can be understood and studiedRead MoreHow Gender Portrayals Changed and Remained in the Same in the 1950s1637 Words   |  7 PagesHow Gende r Portrayals Changed and Remained in Place in the 1950s Gender Portrayals. The 1950s. Change. You might wonder what these words mean, today, here, you will learn about gender portrayals in the 1950s. Gender portrayals are how a gender, such as the only two, Male and Female, are portrayed in media and social life. Now, in the 1950s bread was .14 cents, bomb shelter plans were sold, Dwight D. Eisenhower was president and people were afraid of communists invading america and making us intoRead MoreGendered Medi The Influence Of Media On Views Of Gender, By Julia T. Wood1405 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Gendered media: The influence of media on views of Gender,† Julia T. Wood (1994) stated that â€Å"women are underrepresented which falsely implies that men are the cultural standard and women are unimportant or invisible† (p.31). She goes on to say that this is the main reason why media distort reality; it creates a false image of the representation that is outside the media world. In Television women continue to be predominant ly lacking and many people are wondering who is to blame. As the media worldRead MoreAdvertising Advertisements And Body Image1645 Words   |  7 Pagespositively and responsibly in advertising. History - WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS AND BODY IMAGE Authors have also attempted to correlate various demographic variables such as age and education, as well as geographic variables with preferences for role portrayals in advertising. Through the ages men have been considered to be financial providers, career-focused, assertive and independent, whereas women have been shown as low-position workers, loving wives and mothers, responsible for raising children andRead MoreManifestation of Latin-American Gender Roles in American Media1220 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Manifestation of Latin Gender Roles in American Media Objective The objective of this study is to examine the manifestation of Latin gender roles in American Media. Towards this end, this study will examine the literature in this area of inquiry. Introduction Gender roles are reported to be generally defined as sex-based categories that specify appropriate rules of conduct for males and females in a particular culture or society. Although grounded in biological differences between males andRead MoreMedia And Stereotyping On Gender Stereotypes1395 Words   |  6 Pagesads, able to self-project to a tremendous degree and to create imaginative stories about the people portrayed in the ads. Also importantly, the role portrayals of women in these ads were never seen by any of the informants as sexist or inappropriate, contrary to the researcher s own introspection. Dominant Culture Stereotyping on Pinterest | Gender Stereotypes ... It was about time someone addressed the phrase â€Å"like a girl†. It’s full of negativity and perpetuates the stereotype that the way womenRead MoreMass Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesMass Media Introduction The evolution of mass media has changed remarkably over decades. Media has been a tool utilized to broadcast information and give entertainment to a broad audience for relatively some time. In many ways, the use of television has helped construct the overall understanding of society. What we visualize on television ultimately replicates the â€Å"realities of life†. The messages/images demonstrated on the air depict underlying customs sought out by society that are most reputableRead MoreVisual images Reinforce Traditional Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes948 Words   |  4 PagesVisual images reinforce traditional gender and sexuality stereotypes through the manifestation of the masculine and feminine miens. An examination of print media advertisements highlights the social and cultural ideologies associated with traditional gender roles that are expected and imposed on by society. â€Å"Advertisements are deeply woven into the fabric of Western Culture, drawing on and reinforcing commonly held perceptions and beliefs† of gender and sexuality stereotypes. They have a strongRead MoreSocial Psychologists And The Human Information Processing System1632 Words   |  7 PagesIn addition, for two of the interviews, a feminist deconstructionist methodology was employed to pursue the underlying gender conceptions of each informant. Informants were asked whether they could imagine the women in the ads as men, or vice versa, in order to uncover traits and values so habitually defined as masculine or feminine that they are unimaginable in the other sex. (Stem, 1993) Social psychologists have argued that schema, networks of memory-based associations that organize and guideRead MoreA Modern Wall Street Journal Survey1537 Words   |  7 PagesSpecifically, respondents in this study trust that women are not accurately depicted in advertising in Canada. Methodology In order to address the research propositions of the study, the encore needed a method for mention the types of pistillate portrayals featuring in the context of consumer magazine advertisements. Content analysis was chosen for it is the best at providing â€Å"a scientific, quantitative, and generalizable description of communications content† (Kassarjian, 1977, p. For example, the

Apple Picking Essay Research Paper Images of free essay sample

Apple Picking Essay, Research Paper Images of Apple Picking Dr. Hofer After Apple Picking is fraught with imagination. Frost uses ocular, olfactive, kinaesthetic, haptic, and auditory imagination throughout this piece. Because the verse form is filled with a assortment of images, the reader is able to conceive of the experience of apple picking. Frost brings He begins with My long two-pointed ladder? s lodging through a tree ( line 1 ) . This line gives the reader a ocular construct of a long pointed ladder nestled in an apple tree. And, allows the reader to spread out that image to a battalion of apple choosers with their pointy ladders alongside him in neighbouring trees. Frost continues with the ocular images with following lines: And there? s a barrel that I didn? T fill Beside it, and there may be two or three Apples I didn? T choice upon some bough. ( Lines 3-5 ) Because of these lines, the reader envisions an apple chooser on his ladder high up in the tree fling as many barrels as he can, but still non make fulling them all. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Picking Essay Research Paper Images of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In add-on, to the ocular images, Frost so moves on to olfactive imagination. In one really simple line, The aroma of apples: I am snoozing off line 8, Frost gives the reader an chance to smell apples. As he does non stipulate the type of apples being picked it is left to the reader? s imaginativeness as to what type of apples he or odors. From olfactory, the writer moves on to tactile paired with ocular imagination as seen in lines 11-13: I got from looking through a window glass of glass I skimmed this forenoon from the imbibing trough And held against the universe of grey grass It melted, and I let it fall and interrupt. Through these words, the reader can visualize the adult male planing a thin piece of ice ( window glass of glass ) from the imbibing trough. He looks through the ice at the frosted grass. The reader can besides see the feeling of cold on his custodies from picking up and keeping the piece of ice. And experience it interrupt in his custodies as it melts from the heat from his custodies. Frost rapidly moves back to ocular imagination found in lines 18-20 with phrases such as Magnified apples , Stem terminal Blossom terminal , and bit of russet . Again, the vision of all types of apples, in non merely colour, but besides the image is somewhat distorted no tungsten while the apple chooser dreams, magnified apples . It evokes a response from the reader of a battalion of big, drifting apples coming into sight and so go forthing every bit rapidly as they appeared. Kinesthetic imagination appears in the following few lines leting the reader to experience what the writer is depicting as shown in lines 21-23: My instep arch non merely keeps the aching, It keeps the force per unit area of a ladder-round. I feel the ladder sway as the boughs bend. Anyone who has of all time felt any sort of pes hurting is able to sympathize with the apple chooser? s hurting, his arch achings from the force per unit area of the boughs in the ladder. The image continues with the feeling of the ladder swaying in the zephyr that increases the aching in one? s pes from seeking to keep on the precariously standing ladder. While the hurting is at that place and one is seeking to keep place on the ladder, we are brought back to auditory images. While seeking to keep place on the ladder with hurting pess we are brought back to hearing the apples as shown in lines 24-26. One can hear the clump of apples being dumped into the cellar bin. Add that sound to line 30, of 10 thousand 1000 fruit? and one senses the huge sum of apples that are being dumped into the cellar bin and the sound is magnified. Frost, at the terminal of this piece, gives the reader a somewhat different image about uncomfortable image: One can see what will problem This slumber of mine, whatever sleep it is, Were he non gone, The groundhog could state whether it? s like his Long sleep, as I describe its coming on Or merely some human slumber ( lines 37-42 ) This stanza gives the reader ground to hesitate and contemplate what is the apple chooser truly stating here. We know that the crop must be stoping, as there was ice in the H2O trough. However, he compares his slumber to that of a groundhog who hibernates in winter. Is the apple chooser merely traveling to kip for the dark, the season, or the remainder of his life? That is left to the reader? s discretion I think. Although in reading this piece, one may deduce that possibly the apple chooser is fixing to decease and admirations if his slumber will be as peaceable and long as the groundhog? s. In this piece Frost, gives the readers multiple images which allows this piece to talk to the reader.

Stone Butch Blues (1993)

Stone Butch Blues is a novel authored by Leslie Feinberg that presents the day-to-day struggles of a transgendered individual by bringing to light the practices through which sexual and gendered identities are culturally generated and imposed in an orderly manner.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stone Butch Blues (1993) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At first glance, the novel appears to be a fictitious narrative about a lesbian by the name of Jess Goldberg but on a closer look, a reader realizes that the book explores the lives of average working-class transgendered gays within the Northeast urban areas and showcases the conflicts and struggles they face in the society. The author utilizes narrative friction to portray the interrelationship of constraints associated with gender and class structures. Stone Butch Blues may not be the first novel to explore the issues affecting transgender individuals but it is a mong the first to put an identity to transgendered individuals. Feinberg addresses the subject of female-to-male (FTM) transgendered by clarifying that FTM is a complex identity which should be recognized just as the male and female identities are. Feinberg argues in this novel that any individual whose expression of gender does not fall under the male or female gender is drifting towards the opposite gender expression. In the novel, Jess is faced with a lot of challenges which she thinks are connected to her gender status and as such, she decides to take a few steps towards defining her gender including undergoing a breast-reduction surgery and putting herself on male hormones. Ironically, instead of living an open life free of lies and deceit, the sex change further pushes her adrift from the kind of life she desires. Jess had hoped that the sex change would allow her more breathing space living as a transgendered individual but she gets the opposite from the society. In presentin g the life of Jess, Feinberg illustrates that gender issues and sexual identity entail social constructs which characterize the numerous humiliating and vicious punishments that transgendered individuals, including Jess, are put through for not confirming to the expectations of the society. It seems as though Feinberg is blaming the society for not accepting transgendered individuals for who they by subjecting them to unfair treatments on the grounds of their sexuality. Jess is also shown as identifying with her male colleagues at the factories and warehouses where she works instead of the middle-class feminists. She also befriends oppressed individuals in the society who include African Americans and drag queens. From the people Jess seems to be befriending, it seems as though she is attempting to foster an amicable coexistence. From this, it is apparent that the author is questioning the revolutionary class consciousness-racism-sexism relationship in the society.Advertising L ooking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Feinberg’s work of fiction examines the issue of gender identity from a different perspective by stating that when an individual is not comfortable with his or her assigned gender identity, it is not the cultural institutions that assign the gender identities that are on the wrong, but on the contrary, it is the individual. Thought the novel, the author presents situations in which Jess views her identity as not only being fixed, but also essential for her existence. Interestingly, the author shows Jess as engaging in relationships and acts that go against this identity. This is the author’s way of stating that transgendered individuals who are uncomfortable with their sexual identity have something wrong with them. In conclusion, this article has explored only a few of the unfair treatments that transgendered individuals are subjected to. From this n ovel, it can be concluded that the author does not agree with the way the society treats transgendered individuals and wished the society would accept their sexuality. The author also criticizes the transgendered individuals for attempting to change their identity. This essay on Stone Butch Blues (1993) was written and submitted by user Raina Buckner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

French Expressions Using Chose

French Expressions Using Chose The French word une chose literally means thing and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say above all, at best, to take bad news well, and more with this list of expressions with chose. French Expressions with Chose la chose en questionthe matter at hand la chose imprimà ©eprinted word la chose jugà ©e (law)final decision, res judicata la chose publique (politics)nation, state avant toute choseabove all else peu de chosenot much, very little toutes choses à ©galesall things being equal, all things considered Cest bien peu de chose.Its nothing really. Cest une chose admise que...Its a known/accepted fact that... Cest la chose ne pas faire.Thats the one thing not to do. Cest chose faite.Its done. Ce nest pas chose aisà ©e de...Its not easy to... Ce nest pas chose facile de...Its not easy to... Chose curieuse, il...Curiously enough, he... La chose est dimportance.Its a matter of some importance. Chose à ©trange, il...Strangely, he... Chose promise, chose due. (proverb)Promises are made to be kept. De deux choses lune : soit ..., soit ....There are two possibilities: either ..., or .... (Infinitive) est une chose, (infinitive) en est une autre.(Doing something) is one thing, (doing something) is another. Il ny a pas une seule chose vraie l-dedans.There isnt a single word of truth in it. Il va vous expliquer la chose.Hell tell you all about it, Hell explain it to you. Je viens de penser une chose.I just thought of something. Tu lui diras / Vous lui direz bien des choses de ma part.Give him my regards. Voil une bonne chose de faite.Thats one thing done / out of the way. à ªtre la chose de quelquunto be someones plaything à ªtre portà © sur la chose (informal)to have a one-track mind à ªtre tout choseto feel a little strange, out of sorts, under the weather prendre bien la choseto take it (e.g., bad news) well se sentir tout choseto feel a little strange, out of sorts, under the weather les chosesthings Au point oà ¹ en sont les chosesThe way things are at the moment. Ce sont des choses qui arrivent.Its just one of those things, These things happen. Cest dans lordre des choses.Its in the nature/order of things. Les choses se sont passà ©es ainsi.It happened like this. Les choses vont mal.Things are going badly. Dans là ©tat actuel des chosesAs matters/things stand right now En mettant les choses au mieux.At best. En mettant les choses au pire.At worst. Mettons les choses au point.Lets get things straight/clear. par la force des chosesby force of circumstance, inevitably avoir un tas de choses faireto have a ton/bunch of things to do faire bien les chosesto do things well/properly faire de grandes chosesto do great things ne pas faire les choses demi/moitià ©to do things well, (UK) to not do things by halves parler de choses et dautresto talk about this and that prendre les choses cÅ“urto take things to heart regarder les choses en faceto face up to things le chose (informal)thingie, contraption quelque chosesomething quelque chose de (bizarre, intà ©ressant...)something (strange, interesting...) Monsieur ChoseMr. Whats-his-name Eh! Chose!Hey, you! Pauvre chose!Poor thing! le petit choseyoung whats-his-name grand-choseThis indefinite pronoun is always used in the negative pas grand-chosenot much, nothing much sans changer grand-chosewithout changing much

The Invention of Paper

The Invention of Paper Try to imagine life without paper. Even in the era of emails and digital books, paper is all around us. Paper is in shopping bags, money, store receipts, cereal boxes, and toilet paper. We use paper in so many ways every day. So, where did this marvelously versatile material come from? According to ancient Chinese historical sources, a court eunuch named Tsai Lun (or Cai Lun) presented the newly-invented paper to the Emperor Hedi of the Eastern Han Dynasty in 105 CE. The historian Fan Hua (398-445 CE) recorded this version of events, but archaeological finds from western China and Tibet suggest that paper was invented centuries earlier. Samples of even more ancient paper, some of it dating to c. 200 BCE, have been unearthed in the ancient Silk Road cities of Dunhuang and Khotan, and in Tibet. The dry climate in these places allowed the paper to survive for up to 2,000 years without entirely decomposing. Amazingly, some of this paper even has ink marks on it, proving that ink was invented much earlier than historians had supposed. Writing Materials Before  Paper Of course, people in various places around the world were writing long before the invention of paper. Materials such as bark, silk, wood, and leather functioned in a similar way to paper, although they were either much more expensive or heavier. In China, many early works were recorded on long bamboo strips, which were then bound with leather straps or string into books. People world-wide also carved very important notations into stone or bone, or pressed stamps into wet clay and then dried or fired the tablets to preserve their words. However, writing (and later printing) required a material that was both cheap and lightweight to become truly ubiquitous. Paper fit the bill perfectly. Chinese Paper-Making Early paper-makers in China used hemp fibers, which were soaked in water and pounded with a large wooden mallet. The resulting slurry was then poured over a horizontal mold; loosely-woven cloth stretched over a framework of bamboo allowed the water to drip out the bottom or evaporate, leaving behind a flat sheet of dry hemp-fiber paper. Over time, paper-makers began to use other materials in their product, including bamboo, mulberry and different types of tree bark. They dyed paper for official records with a yellow substance, the imperial color, which had the added benefit of repelling insects that might have destroyed the paper otherwise. One of the most common formats for early paper was the scroll. A few long pieces of paper were pasted together to form a strip, which was then wrapped around a wooden roller. The other end of the paper was attached to a thin wooden dowel, with a piece of silk cord in the middle to tie the scroll shut. The Spread of Paper-Making From its point of origin in China, the idea and technology of paper-making spread throughout Asia. In the 500s CE, artisans on the Korean Peninsula began to make paper using many of the same materials as Chinese paper-makers. The Koreans also used rice straw and seaweed, expanding the types of fiber available for paper production. This early adoption of paper fueled the Korean innovations in printing, as well. Metal movable type was invented by 1234 CE on the peninsula. Around 610 CE, according to legend, the Korean Buddhist monk Don-Cho introduced paper-making to the court of Emperor Kotoku in Japan. Paper-making technology also spread west through Tibet and then south into India. Paper Reaches the Middle East and Europe In 751 CE, the armies of Tang China and the ever-expanding Arab Abbasid Empire clashed in the Battle of Talas River, in what is now Kyrgyzstan. One of the most interesting repercussions of this Arab victory was that the Abbasids captured Chinese artisans, including master paper-makers like Tou Houan, and took them back to the Middle East. At that time, the Abbasid Empire stretched from Spain and Portugal in the west through North Africa to Central Asia in the east, so knowledge of this marvelous new material spread far and wide. Before long, cities from Samarkand (now in Uzbekistan) to Damascus and Cairo had become centers of paper production. In 1120, the Moors established Europes first paper mill at Valencia, Spain (then called Xativa). From there, this Chinese invention passed to Italy, Germany, and other parts of Europe. Paper helped spread knowledge, much of which was gleaned from the great Asian culture centers along the Silk Road, that enabled Europes High Middle Ages. Manifold Uses Meanwhile, in East Asia, paper was used for an enormous number of purposes. Combined with varnish, it became beautiful lacquer-ware storage vessels and furniture. In Japan, the walls of homes were often made of rice-paper. Besides paintings and books, paper was made into fans, umbrellas, even highly effective armor. Paper truly is one of the most wonderful Asian inventions of all time.

Nursing Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Leadership - Research Paper Example It can occur in any form, internal motivated or externally motivated, though if change is to take place it should be for the best to improve the status. For change to take place effectively, addressing the problems should be the first point to be considered. When change takes place things have to be done differently depending on what was changed, it could be time, location, the staff or any other measures. Change and addressing problems should be done systematically, considering the most important to the least important (Antrobus, 2001). Why are there no committees representatives from the units, despite having a hospital committee, this is one of the problems that Nurse Pena should address. A committee representative helps and saves the manager to deal with small issues faced by the staff. They do not have to rush to the manager, leading to wastage of time or even recourses. The manager is scheduled to deal with matters that are beyond being dealt with by the committee representativ e. (Bachrach, 2007) Despite that manager Pena has a hard time and faces many challenges in managing the two different buildings, the committee representatives cooperates with her greatly in that she does not have to attend to all matters personally leading to her, moving from one building to another. As a committee, they should hold meetings to bring rise to issues affecting them as staffs and then can pass them to the manager through the representative, who then discusses them with the hospital committee. These helps the staff to become more out spoken and are courageous and capable of rising up the small problems that they face, since they do not have to meet with their superiors. Rebecca as a leader and manager should have good managerial morals. The staff follows the manager for guides and direction. Nurse Pena is responsible for setting a particular type of leadership that she uses to run the hospital. There are many types of managerial skills, and are used in different fields to operate the many different departments. To be a superior manager among other organizations leaders, she ought to have these strategies or views, Mission: they should understand well what their mission to the organization is and why it does exist. The mission should be put down on paper describing the purpose of the organization. Anyone including the employees and patients should be able to understand it clearly after reading it, since it is not esoteric but rather descriptive (Antrobus, 2001). A vision is also a vital strategy, since is explains where Rebecca is heading the hospital. It should be an abstract to motivate people to imagine it and get encouraged to understand it and be willing to build the imagination to concrete (Graham, 2008). She should also have a set Goal. The goal explains how the organization’s mission and vision are to be achieved and what measure should be taken. A realistic, operational and measurable goal set by a superior leader should give the ex pected results by the organization. The goal also helps reduce wastage of resources like time, money, equipments and people (Buchan, 2002). Competency is also an important strategy in the sense that she has to be seen by the employees, public, stakeholders and her own advisors as a qualified expert leadership and in her field as a manager. It is difficult for her to earn respect, followed and admired unless the people and the surrounding see her as high-credentialed